Beer

Printscreen of the second video in the thread (+ other screen of the Caesar management system) :

 
@BeerSeem like the shells they are using are of French origin.
 
For the fuzes I can guess that "FRAPPE FR" stands for impact fuze (Fr) while "RALECF3 FR" stands for Radioélectrique F3 (probably programmable fuze for airburst/delayed/proximity fuze?).
 
As for the shells they are the OEF4 and OEF1. The OE (Obus Explosif) F4 is apparently the LU211 in Nexter's catalogue with a range of 40 km (base bleed) when fired from an L52. As for the OEF1, my guess is that it is the LU107 which is a derivative of the US M107 with a slightly improved range (22 km claimed) and that can be fired from L52 gun using a reduced propellant charge.
 
So all the range to the target claimed around 20 km could be the result of using the LU 107 which caps out around this range.
 
As for TCM, it stands for Top Charge Module.
 
In the second video, in the status screen, on the gun side (right) the "Trajectory correction" can be seen in red, which could mean that the Ukrainians didn't get guided shells or SPACIDO compatibles ones.
 
If anyone can understand what the guy is saying that would help^^
 

My suggestion would be that Spain does a "Ringtausch" with Germany. Spain delivers 40 Leopard 2A4 to Germany that can be upgraded to 2A7 in the next years and Germany delivers some 100 Leopard 1A5 to Ukraine.

Presentation of Embraer KC-390 Millenium to Czech MOD in Pardubice airbase including a short test flight with standard Pandur KBVP (IFV variant) onboard. According to the strategic plan of Czech army buying of a medium lifter is not planned prior 2025 however now with increased funding and the new very active MOD the purchase may come earlier. Since Aero Vodochody is heavily involved in the KC-390 project I don't expect any other plane to have a chance of being selected. 
 
https://mocr.army.cz/informacni-servis/zpravodajstvi/prezentace-letounu-embraer-kc-390-236151/ 


 
Just for info parts of the plane developed and produced in Czech Republic by Aero Vodochody. 

it's a bridge layer vehicle...don't know if we got this vehicle in this condition or if it has been rebuild from Leo1 as a bridgelayer

some strange Leo1 based turkish vehicle 

Presentation of Embraer KC-390 Millenium to Czech MOD in Pardubice airbase including a short test flight with standard Pandur KBVP (IFV variant) onboard. According to the strategic plan of Czech army buying of a medium lifter is not planned prior 2025 however now with increased funding and the new very active MOD the purchase may come earlier. Since Aero Vodochody is heavily involved in the KC-390 project I don't expect any other plane to have a chance of being selected. 
 
https://mocr.army.cz/informacni-servis/zpravodajstvi/prezentace-letounu-embraer-kc-390-236151/ 


 
Just for info parts of the plane developed and produced in Czech Republic by Aero Vodochody. 

Presentation of Embraer KC-390 Millenium to Czech MOD in Pardubice airbase including a short test flight with standard Pandur KBVP (IFV variant) onboard. According to the strategic plan of Czech army buying of a medium lifter is not planned prior 2025 however now with increased funding and the new very active MOD the purchase may come earlier. Since Aero Vodochody is heavily involved in the KC-390 project I don't expect any other plane to have a chance of being selected. 
 
https://mocr.army.cz/informacni-servis/zpravodajstvi/prezentace-letounu-embraer-kc-390-236151/ 


 
Just for info parts of the plane developed and produced in Czech Republic by Aero Vodochody. 

Few more details about the Czech-German Leopard 2 deal. The gift of the Leo 2A4 contains also certain ammo and spare parts package. The MOD again confirmed that the tanks will be rebuilt to 2A7+ standard after 2025 but they also admitted that it meant that only the turret skelet would be kept from the original 2A4 tanks, i.e. the tanks would be basically built anew. 
 
The MOD speaker also answered several other questions from the media. He stated that our currently used pontoon bridges could hold the Leo 2A4 but could not hold the 2A7+. The MOD is going to buy new ones with allowed load up to 72 tons. Regarding the need to introduce the loader back into the staff of the armed forces (loaders were removed with the end of service of T-55AM2 tanks) he said he didn't see that as an issue. 

Few more details about the Czech-German Leopard 2 deal. The gift of the Leo 2A4 contains also certain ammo and spare parts package. The MOD again confirmed that the tanks will be rebuilt to 2A7+ standard after 2025 but they also admitted that it meant that only the turret skelet would be kept from the original 2A4 tanks, i.e. the tanks would be basically built anew. 
 
The MOD speaker also answered several other questions from the media. He stated that our currently used pontoon bridges could hold the Leo 2A4 but could not hold the 2A7+. The MOD is going to buy new ones with allowed load up to 72 tons. Regarding the need to introduce the loader back into the staff of the armed forces (loaders were removed with the end of service of T-55AM2 tanks) he said he didn't see that as an issue. 

Few more details about the Czech-German Leopard 2 deal. The gift of the Leo 2A4 contains also certain ammo and spare parts package. The MOD again confirmed that the tanks will be rebuilt to 2A7+ standard after 2025 but they also admitted that it meant that only the turret skelet would be kept from the original 2A4 tanks, i.e. the tanks would be basically built anew. 
 
The MOD speaker also answered several other questions from the media. He stated that our currently used pontoon bridges could hold the Leo 2A4 but could not hold the 2A7+. The MOD is going to buy new ones with allowed load up to 72 tons. Regarding the need to introduce the loader back into the staff of the armed forces (loaders were removed with the end of service of T-55AM2 tanks) he said he didn't see that as an issue. 

Few more details about the Czech-German Leopard 2 deal. The gift of the Leo 2A4 contains also certain ammo and spare parts package. The MOD again confirmed that the tanks will be rebuilt to 2A7+ standard after 2025 but they also admitted that it meant that only the turret skelet would be kept from the original 2A4 tanks, i.e. the tanks would be basically built anew. 
 
The MOD speaker also answered several other questions from the media. He stated that our currently used pontoon bridges could hold the Leo 2A4 but could not hold the 2A7+. The MOD is going to buy new ones with allowed load up to 72 tons. Regarding the need to introduce the loader back into the staff of the armed forces (loaders were removed with the end of service of T-55AM2 tanks) he said he didn't see that as an issue. 

Few more details about the Czech-German Leopard 2 deal. The gift of the Leo 2A4 contains also certain ammo and spare parts package. The MOD again confirmed that the tanks will be rebuilt to 2A7+ standard after 2025 but they also admitted that it meant that only the turret skelet would be kept from the original 2A4 tanks, i.e. the tanks would be basically built anew. 
 
The MOD speaker also answered several other questions from the media. He stated that our currently used pontoon bridges could hold the Leo 2A4 but could not hold the 2A7+. The MOD is going to buy new ones with allowed load up to 72 tons. Regarding the need to introduce the loader back into the staff of the armed forces (loaders were removed with the end of service of T-55AM2 tanks) he said he didn't see that as an issue. 

The experience of the tests of the Leopard in Arabia showed the need to check and clean the filters 7 of the 12 days of practice in the desert, at the rate of a check every 168 km [4]. To carry out optimal maintenance of the intake system, the cyclone filters and the paper filter cartridges must be disassembled and cleaned with compressed air at less than 5 bar from the inside out. If there is even the slightest damage to the filters, they must be replaced [12]. In addition, the filter covers and the casing must be checked and cleaned (see Annex B).
 
-The normal operating temperature of the motor must not exceed 100ºC; The Leopard's integrated security system indicates with an alarm on the driver's panel that the temperature is exceeding 110ºC and prevents the MBT  from operating if the temperature is not reduced immediately [12].
 
- The engine intake system is not sufficiently protected against the high concentration of particles (sand and dust), so it could accumulate in the chamber in which it is located, damaging the systems (sand is very abrasive), occluding the ducts and clogging filters. During tests carried out in Saudi Arabia in 2011, the following problems were detected, which could not be resolved on the ground:
 
- With the MBT operating at more than 40 km/h, the temperature of the motor rose to 110ºC, preventing the security system from continuing its operation. Because of this, every 5 km at this speed, it was necessary to stop for 15 minutes to cool down the engine [4].
 
https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/94978/files/TAZ-TFG-2015-2603.pdf

I'd add another point related to China because not everything caused by this war benefits China. It's true that the more dependent on China Russia is, the cheaper resources China can get etc. On the other hand by starting this war Russia caused a headache to China by removing the option of ground trade route China - EU. EU is by far the largest trade partner of China but its trade routes are essentially controlled by US NAVY. In case of war between China and US the US is effectively able to starve Chinese economy by blocking its overseas trade. For that reason (and for possible switch of its trade from Dollar to Juan) China needs an alternative trade route which can not be controlled by US but that option basically disappeared when Russia attacked Ukraine. 

The guns transferred were taken directly from the French army stock so they should have it and it can be seen on the video we have from the Caesar in Ukraine :
 
 
 
As for the the ammunition Ukraine received, unfortunately I have no idea. Though as I said even with plain dumb HE round, the radar should help somewhat with internal ballistics correction for the next shell (by how much though, I have no idea). For comparison the PzH 2000 (155mm L52 as well) apparently achieve a range of 30 to 36 km using DM121 (which should be a basic HE round, @SH_MM?).
 
No matter how you look at it, 22km is far from using the full capability of those guns (even when using regular ammunition). It may be in order to achieve greater accuracy and limiting the exposure time, but with only 6 of those guns for now, that's probably not how they should be used. In my opinion (for the little it's worth^^) they should use their range to surprise the Russians where they think they are safe from regular artillery. Yes shoot & scoot is what the system is designed for, but that's still taking a lot of risks with weapons they have in a very small number. Even if the guns can leave the area before the shells land, Russian UAV are probably looking for enemy artillery at around 20 km from the "frontline". That being said, I obviously don't have all the informations and there may be a very good reason (some already cited here) as to why the Ukrainian are limiting themselves to barely over 20 km.

Funny way to say Centurion, but perhaps one which is more correct than it deserves to be.

T-84 Oplot obr. 1999. Allegedly only five are operational in the whole Ukraine. 

Thanks to this Secret Projects thread, we have some images of the transitional forms of the Northrop fighter lineage which help connect the T-38/F-5/etc to the Cobra/Hornet. As is fairly well known, the this transition begins with the Northrop P-300, which is still firmly grounded in the Freedom Fighter. This is an important member of the family, which I left out of my original posts:





This is a configurable study model of the late version (A43) of the P-300 (seemingly evidenced by the very difficult to read nameplate). Clearly visible is its resemblance to a high-wing F-5, but you can also see in the belly shot a very clear view of the flared out body-intake configuration that would follow the design all the way through the P-530 and YF-17, which was much more subdued in the F-18:



 
In fact, the early P-530 looks much more like the P-300A43 than it does the later P530s:






 
Note that by May '67 they haven't even ditched the single tail yet (that wouldn't happen until the summer of 1968)!

By the end of the P-530 the aircraft gets looking very much like a proto-Cobra:



You can see that in this very "Starfightery" series of designs, one of the big distinguishing features visually is caused by the location of the gun. Not in front of the pilot like in the Cobra and Hornet, but below the pilot:
 



Speaking of guns, evidently the armament of two M39s in lieu of an M61 was being considered as late as 1973/4:




The photos in that SP thread really clearly illustrate the evolution from the F-5 to the Hornet very well, and there's even a handy visual outline:



But what's this? It mentions a single-engined P-610? Indeed:




 

This should be PT19, assuming all photos show the same tank. It has the license number "Y-04 002" and was the Leopard 2AV prototype sent to the United States for evaluation in 1976.
PT19 featured the Hughes-designed FCS and could be configured to be used with the 105 mm L7A3 and the Rh 120 guns.
 
The Leopard 2AV PT20 was only fitted with the 105 mm L7 gun, but featured the EMES 13 sight and an FCS made by AEG. The EMES 13 allows to identify it from most angles.

 
PT20 also had the license plate "Y-04 003".
 
Aside of the two prototypes PT19 and PT20, West-Germany also created the turret T21 as part of the Leopard 2AV project, which was later fitted to the PT20 hull for trials, featuring the 120 mm Rh 120 gun and the Hughes FCS

don't know which version of AV is this 
 













 


 
 

Some photos of the ROK Army's tests of the Redback's mobility
 

 

Vickers Mk4

It would be interesting to see how the Bundeswehr plans to transport the latest version of the Puma with the atgm launcher on rail. Rotation of the turret by 180 degrees? Disassembly of the atgm launcher?
A crane is obviously needed to lift up the protection modules.
 
 
DM73 apfsds for leo 2:
https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:196970-2022:TEXT:EN:HTML&src=0
 
 

That's completely wrong, sorry. 

That's completely wrong, sorry.